Spitalier Universitaire Pasteur two, 06300 Nice, France Division of Infectious Diseases, University C e d’Azur, 06108 Nice, France; [email protected] Department of Public Wellness, L’Archet Hospital, University of Good, 06107 Good, France; [email protected] (R.F.); [email protected] (C.P.) CoBteK (Cognition-Behaviour-Technology) Lab, FRIS-University C e d’Azur, 06108 Good, France Multipurpose Laboratory, Cannes Basic Hospital, 06400 Cannes, France; [email protected] (L.L.); [email protected] (A.S.); [email protected] (A.P.) Laboratory of Virology, Nice University Hospital, University C e d’Azur, 06108 Good, France; [email protected] Laboratory of Immunology, Nimes University Hospital, 30029 Nimes, France; [email protected] (R.C.); [email protected] (P.C.) Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-49-369-Citation: Vassallo, M.; Durant, J.; Fabre, R.; Lotte, L.; Sindt, A.; Puchois, A.; De Monte, A.; Cezar, R.; Corbeau, P.; Pradier, C. Inflammatory Markers soon after Switching to a Dual Drug Regimen in HIV-Infected Subjects: A Two-Year Follow-Up. Viruses 2022, 14, 927. doi.org/10.3390/ v14050927 Academic Editor: Francesco Di Gennaro Received: 15 March 2022 Accepted: 26 April 2022 Published: 28 April 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Abstract: Objective: Immunadapt is a study evaluating the effect of mixture antiretroviral remedy (cART) simplification on immune activation. We previously showed that switching to dual therapies could be linked six months later with macrophage activation. follow-up continued as much as 24 months just after therapy simplification. Components and Solutions: Immunadapt is actually a prospective single arm study of effectively treated subjects simplifying cART from triple to dual regimens. Ahead of cART alter, at 6 months, and between 18 and 24 months following the switch, we measured IP-10, MCP-1, soluble CD14 (sCD14), soluble CD163 (sCD163), and lipopolysaccharide binding protein. Patients had been stratified based on decrease or higher likelihood of immune activation (CD4 nadir 200, previous AIDS-defining occasion or very-low-level viremia throughout follow-up).β-D-Glucose pentaacetate Autophagy Variables have been compared working with matched Wilcoxon tests.20-HETE MedChemExpress Outcomes: From April 2019 to September 2021, 14 subjects have been integrated (imply age 60 years, 12 men, 26 years since HIV infection, CD4 nadir 302 cells/mm3 , 18 years on cART, 53 months on final cART).PMID:23329650 Twenty-one months following the switch, all but one particular subject maintained their viral load 50 cp/mL. One particular topic had two viral blips. For the whole population, the sCD163 values increased significantly from baseline (+36 , p = 0.003) and from six months soon after the switch. The other markers did not modify. Right after 6 months, the sCD163 boost was additional pronounced in subjects with higher likelihood of immune activation (+53 vs. +19 , p = 0.026) Conclusions: cART simplification to dual therapy was related with macrophage activation in spite of prosperous virological manage after just about two years’ follow-up. This was additional pronounced in those at danger of immune activation. Keywords and phrases: HIV; successful treatment; simplification approaches; inflammation; macrophage activationCopyright: 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access report distributed beneath the terms and circumstances with the Inventive Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( creativecommons.org/licenses.