ce for the molecular characterization of biosynthetic pathways and gene regulatory p38β Gene ID networks involved in plant development (Pal et al., 2018). Nonetheless, transcriptome analysis remains fairly unexplored in most non-model plants. To date, couple of transcriptome research of Cactaceae have been performed (Ibarra-Laclette et al., 2015; Qingzhu et al., 2016; Rodriguez-Alonso et al., 2018; Li et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019), and none have looked into in vitro propagation and regeneration within this family members.The molecular bases on the processes underlying organogenesis are conserved through plant evolution (Ikeuchi et al., 2016); having said that, considerably much less is known regarding the particulars of those processes in various plant species, amongst them, cacti. The objective of this study was to characterize modifications in gene expression following in vitro shoot organogenesis within the non-model species M. glaucescens. The characterization in the M. glaucescens gene regulatory networks gives new insights in to the physiological mechanisms that trigger regeneration in cacti that do not naturally emit branches. In addition, this operate provides useful information about the developmental patterns and processes of vegetative growth in Cactaceae generally.Materials AND Procedures Plant MaterialPlant material for all analyses was obtained from M. glaucescens seeds germinated in vitro. The seeds were collected in February 2016 from mature men and women having a well-developed cephalium that were grown in Morro do Chap City (11 29 38.4″ S; 41 20 22.5″ W), Bahia State, eastern Brazil (Figure 1ai). In M. glaucescens, the apical meristem takes about ten years to differentiate into a reproductive meristem, giving rise to a region VEGFR1/Flt-1 Storage & Stability referred to as the cephalium, from which the flowers and fruits emerge (Machado, 2009). The population was identified and georeferenced as previously described by Lambert et al. (2006). A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium from the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, situated inside the municipality of Feira de Santana, Bahia State (Lambert et al., 2006). The plant material made use of in this study was identified by Dr. Sheila Vit ia Resende (UFBA, Bahia, Brazil). Collection and access to genetic heritage strictly followed present Brazilian biodiversity legislation and was officially permitted by the Brazilian National Technique for the Management of Genetic Heritage and Related Regular Information (SISGEN) beneath permission number A93B8DB. This species is endemic for the Bahia state and is listed as endangered by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (UNEP-WCMC (Comps.), 2014) and also the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species (Braun et al., 2013). The seeds had been disinfected with 96 ethanol for 1 min, 2 NaOCl industrial bleach (2.five active chlorine; SuperGlobo R , Contagem, Minas Gerais, Brazil) for 10 min, and subsequently washed 3 instances in sterile water beneath aseptic situations. The seeds were then germinated in 500-ml glass flasks with rigid polypropylene lids (TC-003-2012; Ralm R , S Bernardo do Campo, S Paulo, Brazil), containing 50 ml of Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) at quarter-strength concentration, supplemented with 15 g L-1 sucrose, and solidified with 7 g L-1 agar (A296 Plant TC; PhytoTechnology Lab R , Shawnee Mission, KS, USA) with pH five.7 and autoclaving at 120 C, 1.five atm for 20 min. Cultures have been maintained at 25 three C below two