iersin.orgAugust 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleTorres-Silva et al.De novo Transcriptome of M. glaucescens Shoot OrganogenesisFIGURE 6 | AChE Inhibitor drug networks of differentially expressed genes. The networks had been created employing GO categories in BiNGO for M. glaucescens explants prior to (manage) and immediately after (treated) shoot organogenesis induction. Bubble size and colour indicate the frequency of the GO term along with the P-value, respectively.Frontiers in Plant Science | frontiersin.orgAugust 2021 | Volume 12 | ArticleTorres-Silva et al.De novo Transcriptome of M. glaucescens Shoot OrganogenesisTABLE 3 | Transcription factor families containing downregulated and upregulated unigenes following M. glaucescens shoot organogenesis induction. Transcription aspect loved ones Domain No. of unigenes Downregulated Upregulated AP2 AP2 zf-Dof DUF260 B3 and auxin response B3 zf-LSD1 G2-like GRAS Homeobox Homeobox zf-CCCH NAM bZIP_1 WRKY Myb_DNA-binding Myb_DNA-binding HLH EIN3 HSF_DNA-bind zf-C2H2 Trihelix GATA two 1 0 5 1 0 2 2 1 0 four 0 3 1 four 0 1 0 4 0 1 three 0 0 0 0 0 1 three 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 5 1 7 0 4 11 5 two two three three 1 five three 17 5 two 10 four 4 three two 7 eight five 2 two 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0ERF family members mGluR2 list protein AP2 household protein Dof household protein LBD loved ones protein ARF family protein B3 household protein LSD loved ones protein G2-like household protein GRAS family protein HB-other household protein TALE household protein C3H loved ones protein NAC family members protein bZIP household protein WRKY family members protein MYB loved ones protein MYB_related household protein bHLH family members protein EIL household protein HSF loved ones protein C2H2 loved ones protein Trihelix family protein GATA household proteinHD-ZIP household protein HomeoboxE2F/DP loved ones protein E2F_TDP CAMTA family protein CG-1 NF-YC household protein NF-YA family members protein NF-X1 household protein ZF-HD family members protein SBP family members protein YABBY family members protein FAR1 loved ones protein MIKC_MADS loved ones protein GRF household protein S1Fa-like family members protein TCP family members protein DBB loved ones protein NF-YC CBFB_NFYA zf-NF-X1 ZF-HD_dimer SBP YABBY FAR1 SRF-TF and K-box WRC and QLQ S1FA TCP zf-B_boxCO-like loved ones protein zf-B_box and CCTdivision and cell wall formation for the duration of regeneration (Bao et al., 2009). Furthermore, adjustments in cell fate can take place as a result of a brand new balance among euchromatin and heterochromatin following dynamic alterations in chromatin structure (Zhao et al., 2008), indicated here by the presenceof histone-encoding genes amongst the upregulated transcripts (Figure 5). Transcription factor families and unigenes were extra abundant amongst the upregulated than downregulated unigenes (Table three). This locating indicates that quite a few metabolic pathways are activated for the duration of shoot organogenesis induction. The families of transcription factors found to become upregulated in this study (i.e., NF-Y, MYB, ERF, E2F, LBD, and NAC) are akin to these identified for the duration of plant organogenesis, further confirming the part of these regulators in vegetative regeneration (Cheong et al., 2002; Bao et al., 2009; Cervantes-P ez et al., 2018; Nadiya et al., 2018; Pal et al., 2018; Xi et al., 2019). Throughout the in vitro culture preceding shoot organogenesis induction, the metabolism of M. glaucescens was characterized by fewer upregulated than downregulated genes, corroborating the low development rate typical of cacti cultures (Lema-Rumiska and n Kulus, 2014; P ez-Molphe-Balch et al., 2015). Downregulated genes had been largely involved in key metabolism. They included transcripts connected to photosynthesis (15) and antenna proteins (five) identified in KEGG