Ixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model to formulate the integrated planning of cease planning, train scheduling and rolling stock circulation, explicitly contemplating time-dependent origin estination demand. Passenger demand distribution features a significant effect on the optimization program below E/L mode. Mignone and Accadia [18], and Lee et al. [19] calculated optimal quit plans for E/L mode to accommodate various passenger flow distributions. Moreover to researches with static passenger demand, Tian et al. [20], Zhao et al. [21], Jong et al. [22,23] and Sogin et al. [24] developed models for optimizing the stop strategy in E/L mode which might be applicable to dynamic passenger flow patterns. Moreover, Tang et al. [25], and Jiang et al. [26] proposed the mixed-integer linear programming models below express/local model consider the capacity constraints (Di et al. [27]) and “overtaking” situation. In this study, a multi-objective optimization model is established for optimizing the cease plan and departure frequency of suburban railway below E/L mode. The model requires the upper and reduce limits of train departure frequency as the constraints and aims to minimize the total passenger travel time along with the total quantity of Nalidixic acid (sodium salt) medchemexpress operating trains. Meanwhile, a answer approach primarily based on a genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to resolve the model. Distinctive from prior research, this paper mostly focuses around the schedule adjustment and impacts on solution results below the overtaking situation. Ultimately, a case is taken to verify the effectiveness from the proposed model. The rest of this paper is organized as follows. Section 2 describes the proposed challenge and assumptions. Section 3 describes the overtaking judgment and adjustment; the multiobjective programming model is also established within this section. Furthermore, a solutionAppl. Sci. 2021, 11,3 ofalgorithm primarily based on GA is developed to look for the optimal resolution in Section four. Section five utilizes a case to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority from the proposed model and algorithm. Lastly, the conclusions and future work are presented in the last section. two. Description on the Challenge and Assumptions A suburban railway line on which each express trains, which skip some stations, and local trains, which stop at every station, are operated concurrently is Elinogrel Autophagy examined within this study. Quit plans for E/L mode that could accommodate the precise passenger flow pattern on this route are calculated from the inter-station distances, the style speed, the acceleration and deceleration prices of the trains, secure headway, along with the passenger origin estination (OD) flow distribution. The following fundamental assumptions are made: (1) Irrespective of their type, all trains depart from the originating station at equal time intervals. (two) Trains run on a double-track railway line on this route. The inter-station segments of this route aren’t equipped with facilities that enable 1 train to overtake yet another. Overtaking happens only at stations equipped using the requisite facilities. (three) Passengers getting into every single station through the period examined in this study stick to a uniform distribution. (4) A train accelerates when departing from a station, then travels at a constant speed (i.e., the maximum design and style operating speed), and finally decelerates when getting into the subsequent station it stops at. (5) The departure frequency of regional trains is an integer a number of of that of express trains (this assumption facilitates the operational schedu.