Eratures will result in grain cracking [97,98]. Our analysis group also compared the microstructure of fresh rice with these of rice that had been stored for one particular year. Figure 11a shows newly harvested rice, and Figure 11b shows rice that was stored for one year. The relevant test results are shown in Figure 11. The rice that was stored for a single year had apparent microcracks.(a)(b)Figure 11. Comparison with the microstructures of newly harvested rice and rice stored for one year: (a) microstructure of fresh rice; (b) microstructure of rice stored for one particular year.Though there has been a speedy development of storage technologies, the development has been unbalanced geographically, and storage technologies is still inside the stage of becoming both fundamental and advanced. In accordance with preliminary estimates, the losses caused by farmers applying traditional procedures of grain storage can reach 9 [18], though the losses of grains stored long term can reach more than 10 . The T5 storage period could be the most important stage just after grain harvesting. Possessing moisture in granaries and stored rice just isn’t usually secure. Microorganisms and pests can consume nutrients from rice grains in the course of storage, and improper grain storage will trigger adjustments in grain excellent. A sizable quantity of microorganisms produce mycotoxins, which render grain useless [99,100]. The 5T management process states that suitable Ethyl acetylacetate Data Sheet handle measures, such as the application of advanced grain storage technologies and Ba 39089 web lowtemperature storage, should be adopted. For the highest palatability, the temperature of grains needs to be kept below 15 [101], moisture content must be controlledAgriculture 2021, 11,15 ofduring storage, as well as the moisture contents of rice stored outside warehouses ought to be maintained at 14.55 . By means of affordable handle in all periods of storage and also the application of precise operations and indexes, the 5T management process limits the occurrence of cracking and microcracks in rice grains, as a result maintaining freshness and preserving aroma. 4. Loss Reduction Effect of 5T Management on Rice postharvest In conclusion, we calculated the loss price linked with each period in the process of rice harvesting and storage, as shown in Table eight. The maximum rice loss rate occurred throughout the T5 storage period (9.0 ), followed by the harvest period (six.49 , including 3.47 in dry matter loss and three.02 in loss as a result of grain shattering and mechanical harvesting), along with the T2 field period (around three.five ). The loss rate in the T3 period as a result of natural drying period was 3 , the loss rate on account of mechanical drying was 1.four , along with the loss price due to overdrying was 2 . The comprehensive loss price in standard rice harvesting and storage operations was 21.99 .Table eight. Rice loss price in standard harvesting approaches in distinctive periods.Periods Loss rateHarvest 6.49Drying Storage Standard drying Overdrying Mechanical drying three.5 3 two 1.4 9 The postharvest loss of rice and the proportion of rice lost have been calculated on the basis of China’s rice output in 2020 of 211.86 million tonnes [102]. As shown in Figure 12, the postharvest loss of rice was 50.82 million tonnes. When classic strategies had been applied in lieu of the 5T management approach, the highest loss of rice occurred inside the storage period and totalled 19,067 million tonnes, accounting for 40.93 on the harvest; the lowest loss occurred inside the drying period and totalled six.356 million tonnes, accounting for 13.64 from the harvest. Field(a)(b)Figure 12. (.