Entory (Oldfield,).The participants had been students with the degree course of Motor Sciences, Sport and Wellness (University of Parma) and practiced group sports at the competitive level.Prior to getting incorporated in our study, the participants completed a questionnaire to gather details about what sport they practiced; which position they played; and irrespective of whether they felt far more cooperative with their peers than competitive toward their opponents through a game (see Data Sheet).The participants had been divided into two groups (cooperative and competitive group) as outlined by their answers.In the competitive group, we incorporated only participants that had clearly exhibited competitive behavior in the course of matches ( competitive athletes).We employed the identical criteria for athletes integrated within the cooperative group (seven cooperative athletes).We excluded the uncertain participants.All participants provided a written informed consent to participate in the study, which has been approved by the regional ethical committee (Comitato Etico per Parma) and has been conducted according to the principles expressed within the Declaration of Helsinki.Apparatus, Stimuli, and ProcedureThe participants sat comfortably in front of a table on which they placed their proper hand using the thumb and index fingerFrontiers in Psychology www.frontiersin.orgOctober Volume ArticleDe SC75741 Autophagy Stefani et al.Social interactions and sport attitudesTABLE Participants’ characteristics.Participants Age Attitude cooperative competitive competitive competitive competitive cooperative competitive competitive cooperative competitive competitive cooperative cooperative competitive competitive cooperative competitive cooperative competitive competitive Sport basket volleyball volleyball water polo water polo soccer volleyball volleyball volleyball soccer soccer rugby volleyball volleyball basket soccer soccer soccer basket soccer Frequency days, per week days a week days, per week days per week days per week days a week days per week days per week days, a week days per week days, per week days per week days a week days a week days per week days per week days, per week days a week days, a week days a week Sex M F F F F PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21556816 M F F F M M M F F F M M M F M Experience much more than years much more than years additional than years far more than years a lot more than years a lot more than years additional than years far more than years more than years far more than years extra than years more than years more than years much more than years much more than years far more than years extra than years more than years much more than years a lot more than yearsin pinch position starting position (SP).SP was positioned along the participants’ midsagittal plane and was cm away from their chest.An experimenter was seated next towards the participant, and she held the palm of her ideal hand in the supine position (request position).A pc show was placed on a table plane at a distance of cm in the physique with the participant sitting in front of it.A wooden cube ( cm cm cm) was placed in the center with the table cm in front of participant’s SP.Stimuli had been presented on the laptop display making use of software program created through MATLAB version .(Rb).The stimuli have been brief videos downloaded from the World wide web replicating genuine matches.Every single video lasted 5 seconds.We chosen videos based on the following criterion (a) the action would involve coordinated sports action amongst athletes with the similar team, or (b) two or far more athletes from two unique teams would come into make contact with with each other.Cons.